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最新的 ISTQB Certified Tester CTFL4 免費考試真題 (Q81-Q86):

問題 #81
Which of the following statements is true?

A. A defect may cause a failure which, when occurring, always causes an error
B. A defect does not always produce a failure, while a bug always produces a failure
C. Failures can be caused by defects, but also by environmental conditions
D. Bugs are defects found during component testing, while failures are defects found at higher test levels

答案：C

解題說明：
Failures can be caused by defects, but also by environmental conditions. A failure is an event in which the software system does not perform a required function or performs a function incorrectly, according to the expected behavior. A defect is a flaw in the software system or a deviation from the requirements or the specifications, that may cause a failure. However, not all failures are caused by defects, as some failures may be caused by environmental conditions, such as hardware malfunctions, network interruptions, power outages, incompatible configurations, etc. Environmental conditions are factors that affect the operation of the software system, but are not part of the software system itself. The other statements are false, because:
* A defect does not always produce a failure, while a bug always produces a failure. This statement is false, because a defect may or may not produce a failure, depending on the inputs, the outputs, the states, or the scenarios of the software system, and a bug is just another term for a defect, so it has the same possibility of producing a failure as a defect. For example, a defect in a rarely used feature or a hidden branch of the code may never produce a failure, while a defect in a frequently used feature or a critical path of the code may produce a failure often. A bug is not a different concept from a defect, but rather a synonym or a colloquial term for a defect, so it has the same definition and implications as a defect.
* A defect may cause a failure which, when occurring, always causes an error. This statement is false, because an error is not a consequence of a failure, but rather a cause of a defect. An error is a human action or a mistake that produces a defect in the software system, such as a typo, a logic flaw, a requirement misunderstanding, etc. An error is not observable in the software system, but rather in the human mind or the human work products, such as the code, the design, the documentation, etc. A failure is not a cause of an error, but rather a result of a defect, which is a result of an error. For example, an error in the code may cause a defect in the software system, which may cause a failure in the software behavior.
* Bugs are defects found during component testing, while failures are defects found at higher test levels.
This statement is false, because bugs and failures are not different types of defects, but rather different terms for defects and their manifestations. As mentioned before, bugs are just another word for defects, and failures are the events in which the software system does not perform as expected due to defects.
Bugs and failures can be found at any test level, not only at component testing or higher test levels. Test levels are the stages of testing that correspond to the levels of integration of the software system, such as component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Defects and failures can occur and be detected at any test level, depending on the test objectives, the test basis, the test techniques, and the test environment. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.
0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.1.2, Testing and Quality1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.2.1, Testing Principles1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.3.1, Testing in Software Development Lifecycles1
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Failure, Defect, Bug, Environmental Condition, Error, Test Level2

問題 #82
Which of the following is a factor that contributes to a successful review?

A. All participants in the review are aware they will be evaluated based on the defects they will find
B. The author of the work product to be reviewed leads the review meeting.
C. All participants in the review are trained to deal with the review type and its objectives.
D. Review metrics must be collected to improve the review process

答案：C

解題說明：
A successful review process involves all participants being trained in the review type and understanding its objectives. This ensures that everyone can contribute effectively and understand what is expected from the review. Proper training helps to identify defects accurately and facilitates constructive feedback, leading to a more efficient and effective review process. Hence, statement C is correct according to the ISTQB CTFL syllabus.

問題 #83
Consider the following statements (I to V) about software testing:
I. Can be applied to non-executable work products.
II. Can be used to measure performance efficiency.
III. Can lead to the detection of defects.
IV. Can find defects directly.
V. Can identify unexpected behaviors caused by potential defects.
Which ONE of the following options is the list that characterizes static tests the BEST?

A. Statements I, III, and IV
B. Statements I, II, and IV
C. Statements II, IV, and V
D. Statements II, III, and V

答案：A

解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:Static testing(A)applies tonon-executable work products(I), such as requirements or code reviews. It alsoleads to defect detection (III)andfinds defects directly (IV)without executing the software. OptionsB, C, and Dincorrectly associate static testing with performance measurement (II) or dynamic testing aspects (V).

問題 #84
Which two of the following statements describe the advantages provided by good traceability between the test basis and test work products?
I . Analyzing the impact of changes.
ii . A measure of code quality.
iii . Accurate test estimation.
iv . Making testing auditable.
Select the correct answer:

A. i and ii
B. ii and iii
C. i and iii
D. i and iv

答案：D

解題說明：
Good traceability between the test basis and test work products provides several advantages: i. Analyzing the impact of changes: Traceability allows for easy identification of which parts of the test work products will be affected by changes in the requirements or design, facilitating impact analysis. iv . Making testing auditable: Traceability ensures that there is a clear connection between the requirements and the test cases, which makes the testing process auditable and provides evidence that all requirements have been tested.

問題 #85
Which one of the following statements correctly describes the term 'debugging'?

A. Debugging is a confirmation activity that checks whether fixes resolved defects.
B. Debugging is the development activity that finds, analyses and fixes defects.
C. Debugging is of no relevance in Agile development.
D. There is no difference between debugging and testing.

答案：B

問題 #86
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